It is known that there are several diabetes types. One of the most frequently asked questions is “What are diabetes types?” To answer this question it is necessary to understand some basic notions of diabetes including the two diabetes types.

Diabetes is a chronic disease and its main feature is metabolic derangements of glucose metabolism in various diabetes types. Doctors describe two most important diabetes types. This condition is caused by an insufficient production or deficient activity of insulin. Insulin is a hormone produced by the beta-cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. Insulin regulates the use and storage of glucose. The insufficient production or deficient activity of insulin leads to the breakdown of glucose metabolism as well as to the inability to accumulate glycogen in the liver. The transport of glucose into the cells across the cell membranes is also broken. As a result, the sugar levels are raised in the blood and urine. The patients complain of weakness, thirst, hunger, itching, weight loss, and increased urination. Excessive blood glucose levels lead to increased protein and fat disintegration with ensuing vascular degeneration and atherosclerosis. This condition may results in diabetic acidosis with high levels of ketone bodies in the blood. In this case, doctors notice sweet-smelling breath of their patients due to ketones. All these conditions make patients ask their doctors “What are diabetes types and how to live with them?” Answering the question about diabetes types doctors describe two forms: insulin-dependent condition Type 1) and noninsulin-dependent variant (Type 2).

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Diabetes types. Insulin-dependent diabetes (Type 1)

This variant of the disease is caused by the damage to insulin producing cells and develops in younger people. This condition is usually more serious of diabetes types and more often results in grave complications. Scientists speak of a genetic predisposition to this variant of the affection. Researches suggest that it may be provoked by a virus, which alters the pancreatic cells and these cellular changes make the immune system attack the insulin producing cells. The signs and symptoms appear quickly and are severe. Treatment consists of a diet to limit carbohydrates, exercise to burn glucose, and insulin injections. Surgeons offer transplantation of islet cells to replace the destroyed ones. Patients with a transplant must take immunosuppressive drugs to prevent rejection. This is the first answer to the question about the diabetes types and how to live with them.

Diabetes types. Noninsulin-dependent diabetes (Type 2)

This variant of diabetes types develops if the cells are unable to respond to insulin, but insulin production is adequate. This state usually occurs in adult and older people. Doctors consider that there is a genetic predisposition to this kind of the affection as well. Many patients suffering from noninsulin-dependent variand of the disease are obese. Treatment includes exercise and weight loss diets with low content in carbohydrates. Some patients need insulin injections; others may take oral drugs, such as sulphonylureas. This is the second answer to the question about the diabetes types and how to live with them.

What are complications of various diabetes types?

The disease leads to fat depositions in the arteries and damages the blood vessels of the kidneys, eyes, heart, and brain with resultant signs and symptoms.  Diabetes also affects the nerves leading to numbness and pains. Insulin therapy may itself have complications such as insulin shock and hypoglycemia caused by insulin over-dosage.